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Audit Definition An audit is an examination by an independent Certified Public Accountant (CPA) of enough of a company's records to determine whether the financial statements prepared by that company are a fair representation of their financial condition. Getting audited also ensures that the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP principles were developed by regulating agencies in order to establish comparability among the financial statements of different companies and to maintain consistency in the way companies account for events and transactions from year to year. Now that we have an audit definition , let's discuss why certain companies must be audited . Why Do Companies Get Audited ? Companies provide the information that goes into their own financial statements. Whether these financial statements are prepared by the company's in-house accountant or an outside accounting firm, audits are needed to provide assurance to external parties that those financial statements can be relied on when making decisions. It would be very easy for a company to misrepresent information in their financial statements in order to seem more profitable than they actually are. This could be a fraudulent way to lure in unsuspecting investors or get loans from banks or other lending institutions which they would otherwise not qualify for. Getting audited is a way for companies to prove to these, and other outside parties, that their financial statements are reliable and trustworthy. Who Performs Audits The audit definition above stated that an audit is an examination by an independent certified public accountant (CPA). Only licensed CPAs can perform independent audits of U.S. businesses. Auditing is a highly specialized accounting function that requires auditors to have an extensive knowledge of the economy, the relevant industry, and the client's business. Auditors must also be familiar with a set of standards called generally accepting auditing standards (GAAS) in order to perform their duties correctly. What to Expect If Your Company Is Going to Be Audited If you work in a company that issues financial statements, you can expect that at some point during each year, your company will be audited. The auditors will usually spend a few days at your business reviewing the company's financial statements, internal controls, and supporting documentation. They will probably also make inquiries of various company employees and conduct numerous procedures, all aimed at achieving reasonable assurance that there are no material misstatements in the financial statements. Since examining every single client records would be too costly, auditors use methods of sampling that allow them to test just some of the records and determine the probability that as a whole they verify the fairness of the financial numbers. At the end of the audit, the auditors will issue what is known as an opinion as to the fairness of the financial statement presentation. As stated in the audit definition in the opening paragraph, auditors must be independent in their assessments of the company's financial statements. This is a balancing act of sorts, since the auditor is being paid by the company whose records they are auditing. But if an auditor does not exercise independence in reviewing these records, they can be sued by the parties that end up relying on the company's financial statements and suffer losses due to the auditor's negligence. Most CPAs, therefore, take their responsibility to audit very seriously. More from this contributor: 5 LinkedIn Tips to Help You Grow Your Business A General Ledger Tutorial Understanding Capital Gains on a Home Sale |
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